| # | Study | Comment / Rebuttal (under construction) |
| 0 | NONE | There are ZERO studies replicating what happened to the concrete and steel World Trade Center buildings - completely collapsing from fire alone, falling at near free fall speed. |
| 1 | Performance based structural fire engineering for modern
building design Rini, D., Lamont, S. 2008 Proceedings of the 2008 Structures Congress - Structures Congress 2008: Crossing the Borders 314 |
This non-experimental discussion paper mentions the WTC, but also mentions the Windsor Tower fire in Madrid, which burned much hotter and longer than the WTC and did not collapse. |
| 2 |
Engineering perspective of the collapse of WTC-I
Irfanoglu, A., Hoffmann, C.M. 2008 Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 22 (1), |
On page 2: "No detailed observational data on the performance of tower core elements exist. Therefore the Purdue research team used finite element simulations to assist in estimating the impact response." A computer simulation is not proof |
| 3 |
Collapse of towers as applied to September 11 events
article Cherepanov, G.P. 2008 Materials Science 44 (4), pp. 489-499 |
He states "It is proved that progressive collapse is much
slower than free fall." Truthers agree. Why did the WTCs come down so fast then? |
| 4 |
Modeling pre-evacuation delay by occupants in World Trade
Center Towers 1 and 2 on September 11, 2001 Kuligowski, E.D., Mileti, D.S. 2008 Fire Safety Journal |
Modeling only of the evacuation delay, and how people move and behave during emergencies, says nothing about the steel or how collapse occurred |
| 5 |
World Trade Center building disaster: Stimulus for
innovations Kodur, V.K.R. 2008 Indian Concrete Journal 82 (1), pp. 23-31 |
In this paper a brief overview of the factors leading to the collapse of the twin towers and WTC 7 is presented. |
| 6 |
"A new era": The limits of engineering expertise in a
post-9/11 world Pfatteicher, S.K.A. 2007 International Symposium on Technology and Society, Proceedings, art. no. 4362228 |
This is not about the building collapse, and does not deal
with the mechanics.
"Ironically, one lesson reinforced by the fall of the towers is that
engineers cannot control the entirety of any engineering project. This
reality raises questions about professional responsibility as it relates
to risk, vulnerability, and uncertainty. This paper discusses the
implications of this new era for engineering practice and education."
|
| 7 | Progressive collapse of the World Trade Center: Simple
analysis Seffen, K.A. 2008 Journal of Engineering Mechanics 134 (2), pp. 125-132 |
Computer model refuted by Dr. Crocket Grabb PhD
(Dept Physics, Univ of Iowa) in
http://www2.ae911truth.org/docs/Seffenrevpub.pdf
Seffen paper proved ludicrous http://rinf.com/alt-news/911-truth/cambridge-university-twin-towers-theory-debunked/2353/ |
| 9 | Scale modeling of the 96th floor of world trade center tower
1 Wang, M., Chang, P., Quintiere, J., Marshall, A. 2007 Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 21 (6), pp. 414-421 |
They studied a 1/20 scale model of just
1 floor. But the WTCs had over 100 floors, so it didn't model the whole
situation.
Students also obtained information reported from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST has been discredited) |
| 6 | A collective undergraduate class project reconstructing the
September 11, 2001 world trade center fire Marshall, A., Quintiere, J. 2007 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings |
Same as the 1 floor study |
| 10 | Failure of welded floor truss connections from the exterior
wall during collapse of the world trade center towers Banovic, S.W., Siewert, T.A. 2007 Welding Journal (Miami, Fla) 86 (9), pp. 263-s-272-s |
|
| 11 | The collapse of the world trade center towers: A
metallurgist's view Gayle, F.W. 2007 MRS Bulletin 32 (9), pp. 710-716 |
|
| 12 | Building code changes reflect world trade center
investigation Hansen, B. 2007 Civil Engineering 77 (9), pp. 22+24-25 |
|
| 13 | Fire load in a steel building design Razdolsky, L. 2008 Proceedings of the 4th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, ISEC-4 - Innovations in Structural Engineering and Construction 2, pp. 1163-1167 |
|
| 14 | The structural steel of the World Trade Center towers Gayle, F.W., Banovic, S.W., Foecke, T., Fields, R.J., Luecke, W.E., McColskey, J.D., McCown, C., Siewert, T.A. 2006 Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 6 (5), pp. 5-8 |
|
| 15 | Progressive collapse of structures: Annotated bibliography and comparison of
codes and standards Mohamed, O.A. 2006 Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 20 (4), art. no. 001604QCF, pp. 418-425 |
|
| 16 | A simple model of the World Trade Center fireball dynamics Baum, H.R., Rehm, R.G., Quintiere, J.G. 2005 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30 II, pp. 2247-2254 |
A simple model of the fireball produced by the initial impact, and acknowledges that the fireball burned out soon after. But it stops there, and does not cover what happened about 1 hour later. |
| 17 | Impact of the Boeing 767 Aircraft into the World Trade Center
Karim, M.R., Hoo Fatt, M.S. 2005 Journal of Engineering Mechanics 131 (10), pp. 1066-1072 A numerical simulation of the aircraft impact into the exterior columns of the World Trade Center (WTC) was done using LS-DYNA. For simplification, the fuselage was modeled as a thin-walled cylinder, the wings were modeled as box beams with a fuel pocket, and the engines were represented as rigid cylinders. |
Author found that the jet would have
to travel very fast, just to penetrate the exterior columns, where it lost
45% of its energy, much less the interior ones. The minimum impact velocity of the aircraft to just penetrate the exterior columns would be 130 m/s (290 miles per hour). It was also found that a Boeing 767 traveling at top speed would not penetrate exterior columns of the WTC if the columns were thicker than 20 mm.
|
| 18 | High-fidelity simulation of large-scale structures Hoffmann, C., Sameh, A., Grama, A. 2005 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3515 (II), pp. 664-671 |
|
| 19 | Collapses of the world trade center towers [No author name available] 2005 Indian Concrete Journal 79 (8), pp. 11-16 |
|
| 20 | Industry updates: Fireproofing, staircases cited in World Trade Center report
[No author name available] 2005 Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 5 (4), pp. 34 |
|
| 21 | September 11 and fracture mechanics - A retrospective Cherepanov, G.P. 2005 International Journal of Fracture 132 (2), pp. L25-L26 |
|
| 22 | Structural responses of World Trade Center under aircraft attacks Omika, Y., Fukuzawa, E., Koshika, N., Morikawa, H., Fukuda, R. 2005 Journal of Structural Engineering 131 (1), pp. 6-15 |
|
| 23 | Impact of the 2001 World Trade Center attack on critical interdependent
infrastructures Mendonça, D., Lee II, E.E., Wallace, W.A. 2004 Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 5, pp. 4053-4058 |
|
| 24 | Use of high-efficiency energy absorbing device to arrest progressive collapse of
tall building Zhou, Q., Yu, T.X. 2004 Journal of Engineering Mechanics 130 (10), pp. 1177-1187 |
|
| 25 | Progressive analysis procedure for progressive collapse Marjanishvili, S.M. 2004 Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 18 (2), pp. 79-85 |
|
| 26 | Lessons learned on improving resistance of buildings to terrorist attacks Corley, W.G. 2004 Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 18 (2), pp. 68-78 |
|
| 27 | Anatomy of a disaster: A structural investigation of the World Trade Center
collapses Abboud, N., Levy, M., Tennant, D., Mould, J., Levine, H., King, S., Ekwueme, C., (...), Hart, G. 2003 Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Congress, pp. 360-370 |
|
| 28 | World Trade Center disaster: Damage/debris assessment Thater, G.G., Panariello, G.F., Cuoco, D.A. 2003 Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Congress, pp. 383-392 |
|
| 29 | How did the WTC towers collapse: A new theory Usmani, A.S., Chung, Y.C., Torero, J.L. 2003 Fire Safety Journal 38 (6), pp. 501-533 |
|
| 30 | Microstructural analysis of the steels from Buildings 7, & 1 or 2 from the World
Trade Center Biederman, R.R., Sullivan, E.M., Sisson Jr., R.D., Vander Voort, G.F. 2003 Microscopy and Microanalysis 9 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 550-551 |
|
| 31 | Brannigan, F.L. "WTC: Lightweight Steel and High-Rise Buildings" Fire Engineering v.155, no. 4, (2002): 145-150. |
|
| 32 | Analysis of the thermal exposure in the impact areas of the World Trade Center
terrorist attacks Beyler, C., White, D., Peatross, M., Trellis, J., Li, S., Luers, A., Hopkins, D. 2003 Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Congress, pp. 371-382 |
|
| 33 | Clifton, Charles G. Elaboration on Aspects of the Postulated Collapse of the World Trade Centre Twin Towers HERA: Innovation in Metals. 2001. 13 December 2001. |
|
| 34 | "Construction and Collapse Factors" Fire Engineering v.155, no. 10, (2002): 106-108. |
|
| 35 | Zdenek P. Bazant, Yong Zhou - Why Did the World Trade Center
Collapse?—Simple Analysis - Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 128, No.
1) - 2002/01 Zdenek P. Bazant, Yong Zhou - Addendum to "Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse?—Simple Analysis"- Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 128, No. 3) - 2002/03 |
Bazant's "King Kong" fallacy of a "pile driver"
thoroughly debunked by
The Missing Jolt: A Simple Refutation of the NIST-Bazant Collapse Hypothesis |
| 36 | Corbett, G.P. "Learning and Applying the Lessons of the WTC Disaster" Fire Engineering v.155, no. 10, (2002.): 133-135. |
|
| 37 | "Dissecting the Collapses" Civil Engineering ASCE v. 72, no. 5, (2002): 36-46. |
This is not an experimental study, but
simply a re-cap of the Official Story. |
| 38 | Thomas W. Eagar, Christopher Musso "Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse? Science, Engineering, and Speculation" JOM v. 53, no. 12, (2001): 8-12. 2001/12 Journal of Materials (JOM) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
|
They begin by doubting the Official
Story: There have been numerous reports detailing the cause of the World Trade Center Tower collapse on September 11, 2001....however, simple quantitative analyses show that some common conclusions are incorrect; for example, the steel could not melt in these flames and there was more structural damage than merely softening of the steel at elevated temperatures. Truthers totally agree The fire is the most misunderstood part of the WTC collapse. Even today, the media report (and many scientists believe) that the steel melted. It is argued that the jet fuel burns very hot, especially with so much fuel present. This is not true. Thank you It is easier to accept natural or unintentional tragedies; it is the intentional loss of life that makes us fear that some people have lost their humanity. How true |
| 39 | World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary
Observations, and Recommendations Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE) , Therese McAllister, report editor. 2002/05 (also available on-line) |
|
| 40 | Gabrielson, T.B., Poese, M.E., & Atchley, A.A. "Acoustic and Vibration Background Noise in the Collapsed Structure of the World Trade Center" The Journal of Acoustical Society of America v. 113, no. 1, (2003): 45-48. |
|
| 41 | "Collapse Lessons" Fire Engineering v. 155, no. 10, (2002): 97-103 |
|
| 42 | Marechaux, T.G. "TMS Hot Topic Symposium Examines WTC Collapse and Building Engineering" JOM, v. 54, no. 4, (2002): 13-17. |
|
| 43 | Monahan, B. "World Trade Center Collapse-Civil Engineering Considerations" Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction v. 7, no. 3, (2002): 134-135. |
|
| 44 | Newland, D.E., & Cebon, D. "Could the World Trade Center Have Been Modified to Prevent Its Collapse?" Journal of Engineering Mechanics v. 128, no. 7, (2002):795-800. |
|
| 45 | National Institute of Standards and Technology: Congressional and Legislative
Affairs “Learning from 9/11: Understanding the Collapse of the World Trade Center” Statement of Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr., before Committee of Science House of Representatives, United States Congress on March 6, 2002. |
NIST originally tried to hide the fact that free fall occurred. Only on protest from the public, including high school physics teacher David Chandler, did NIST finally agree that free fall occurred for about 8 floors. Thus there must have been explosives involved. So how reliable can this NIST report be? |
| 46 | Pinsker, Lisa, M. "Applying Geology at the World Trade Center Site" Geotimes v. 46, no. 11, (2001). The print copy has 3-D images. |
|
| 47 | Public Broadcasting Station (PBS) Why the Towers Fell: A Companion Website to the Television Documentary. NOVA (Science Programming On Air and Online) |
Computer cartoon simulation shows "pancaking" but shows the
central core still standing, but it was not. NOVA/PBS includes includes Matthys Levy, CEO of CE firm, Author of "Why Buildings Fall Down" saying "It was very much like a controlled demolition when you look at it because the building essentially fell almost vertically down as if someone had deliberately set blasts to take place to cause the building to fall vertically downward." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwsBkZhP_0c at 8:30 minutes Jonathan Barnet, Professor of Fire Protection Engineering says: "Until 9/11, I was unaware of any protected steel structure that had collapsed, anywhere in the world, from just the fire." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw7e2VkuSrk&feature=related 3:00 minute
Brian Clark, who escaped said that as
he decended "see flames just licking up,
not a roaring inferno, just quiet flames." |
| 48 | Post, N.M. "No Code Changes Recommended in World Trade Center Report" ENR v. 248, no. 14, (2002): 14. |
There are no changes recommended because the Code was already very good. The only change could be that buildings must now be able to withstand explosives. |
| 49 | Post, N.M. "Study Absolves Twin Tower Trusses, Fireproofing" ENR v. 249, no. 19, (2002): 12-14. |
|
| 50 | The University of Sydney, Department of Civil Engineering World Trade Center - Some Engineering Aspects A resource site. |
|
| 51 | "WTC Engineers Credit Design in Saving Thousands of Lives" ENR v. 247, no. 16, (2001): 12. |
Yes the WTC was designed to withstand a jet hitting it, and it did for about an hour for each tower. There was no reason that a cooling, and strengthening, structure would fail to hold up, as it had for over 30 years. Engineers always construct buildings not to collapse. |
| 52 | Effect of fire on composite long span truss floor systems, Graeme Flint, Asif Usmani, Susan Lamont, Jose Torero and Barbara Lane, "Journal of Constructional Steel Research", Volume 62, Issue 4, April 2006, Pages 303-315 | |
| 53 | Structural Response of Tall Buildings to Multiple Floor Fires, Graeme Flint, Asif Usmani, Susan Lamont, Barbara Lane, and Jose Torero, "Journal of Structural Engineering", Volume 133, Issue 12, December 2007, Pages 1719-1732 | |
| 54 | National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster -2005/09 |
Scientists, Scholars, Architects & Engineers respond to NIST By 16 scientists, scholars, architects, and engineers |
| 55 |
High-Fidelity Visualization of Large-Scale Simulations - |
The title says it all. This is just a visualization which can be programmed to show anything, even the WTC dancing. |
| 56 |
Seismic data were recorded at the
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University www.ldeo.columbia.edu/LCSN/Eq/20010911_wtc.html
|
When the WTCs were falling, it was not producing significant seismic data. The force was absorbed by the floors below. Only near the bottom, when the rubble started impacting the ground, producing detectable seismic signals. Explosions in the air do not produce significant seismic data.
However, signals were received just prior to the jet impact on WTC 1 caused by explosions in the basement.
William Rodriguez and others personally experienced explosions from below "a few seconds" prior to jet impact.
Columbia and Protect support (unintentionally) the hypothesis of Controlled Demolition.
Columbia reports vibrations from the seismograms at LCSN Station in Palisades NY.
08:46:26 vibration for a Richter scale of .9 for 12 seconds
08:46:30 NIST's video evidence, using Air Traffic Control data, NTSB analysis, and infrared satellite data.
Evidently there was an explosion about 4 seconds prior to the first jet's impact , indicating the presence of pre-planted explosives. |
| 57 | Protec was engaged in vibration monitoring activies on private construction sites in Manhattan on 9/11 with portable seismographs. | thermalimages.nfshost.com/index.php/World_Trade_Center_Seismic_Signal
|
| 58 | 2002/05 - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - The Towers Lost and Beyond - link | |
| 59 |
2002/09 - John D. Osteraas - World Trade Center: Assessment of Structural and
Architectural Damage The study was conducted for Exponent Failure Analysis Associates on behalf of Swiss Re and other insurers of the WTC complex. |
|
| 60 |
2002/09 - Ali Reza - Damage to the WTC Complex Due to the Collapse of Only One
Tower The study was conducted for Exponent Failure Analysis Associates on behalf of Swiss Re and other insurers of the WTC complex. |
|
| 61 |
2002/10 - Weidlinger Associates Inc. (WAI), LZA Technology/Thornton-Tomasetti,
ARUPFire, Hughes Associates Inc., Hillman Environmental Group, RWDI, Z-Axis Corp
- World Trade Center—Structural Engineering Investigation -link The study was performed by a group of engineering firms led by WAI and was conducted on behalf of Silverstein Properties. |
Larry Silverstein is a suspect in the murder of thousands of his tenants, for the insurance money. So any study funded by him would be highly suspect. |
A Bibliography Of Scientific Literature On The World Trade Center Collapse
Studies And Investigations
2002/05 - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Structural
Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE) -
World Trade Center Building Performance Study - link 1, link 2
2002/05 - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - The Towers Lost and
Beyond - link
2002/09 - John D. Osteraas - World Trade Center: Assessment of Structural and
Architectural Damage; The study was conducted for Exponent Failure Analysis
Associates on behalf of Swiss Re and other insurers of the WTC complex.
2002/09 - Ali Reza - Damage to the WTC Complex Due to the Collapse of Only One
Tower; The study was conducted for Exponent Failure Analysis Associates on
behalf of Swiss Re and other insurers of the WTC complex.
2002/10 - Weidlinger Associates Inc. (WAI), LZA Technology/Thornton-Tomasetti,
ARUPFire, Hughes Associates Inc., Hillman Environmental Group, RWDI, Z-Axis Corp
- World Trade Center - Structural Engineering Investigation - link; The study
was performed by a group of engineering firms led by WAI and was conducted on
behalf of Silverstein Properties.
2005/09 - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Federal
Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster - link
2006/09, 2007/04 - Purdue University, Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab -
High-Fidelity Visualization of Large-Scale Simulations - link 1, link 2
Journal Articles
2001
2002/07 - David E. Newland, David Cebon - Could the world trade center have been
modified to prevent its collapse? - Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 128,
No. 7)
2002/08 - Bernard Monahan - World Trade Center Collapse—Civil Engineering
Considerations - Practice Periodical On Structural Design And Construction (Vol.
7, No. 3)
2002/10 - James G. Quintiere, Marino di Marzo, Rachel Becker - A suggested cause
of the fire-induced collapse of the World Trade Towers - Fire Safety Journal
(Vol. 37, No. 7)
2003
2003/07 - Tomasz Wierzbicki, Xiaoqing Teng - How the airplane wing cut through
the exterior columns of the World Trade Center - International Journal of Impact
Engineering (Vol. 28, No. 6)
2003/10 - Asif S. Usmani, Yun Chi Chung, Jose L. Torero - How did the WTC towers
collapse? A new theory - Fire Safety Journal (Vol. 38, No. 6) - full article
2005
2005/01 - Yukihiro Omika, Eiji Fukuzawa, Norihide Koshika, Hiroshi Morikawa,
Ryusuke Fukuda - Structural Responses of World Trade Center under Aircraft
Attacks - Journal of Structural Engineering (Vol. 131, No. 1)
2005/01 - Howard R. Baum, Ronald G. Rehm - A simple model of the World Trade
Center fireball dynamics - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute (Vol. 30, No.
2) - full article
2005/06 - Asif S. Usmani - Stability of the World Trade Center Twin Towers
Structural Frame in Multiple Floor Fires- Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol.
131, No. 6)
2005/07 - Jeremy Chang, Andrew H. Buchanan, Peter J. Moss - Effect of insulation
on the fire behaviour of steel floor trusses - Fire and Materials (Vol. 29, No.
4)
2005/10 - Mohammed R. Karim, Michelle S. Hoo Fatt - Impact of the Boeing 767
Aircraft into the World Trade Center - Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol.
131, No. 10)
2006
2006/09 - Genady P. Cherepanov - Mechanics of the WTC collapse - International
Journal of Fracture (Vol. 141, No. 1-2)
2007
2007/03 - Zdenek P. Bazant, Mathieu Verdure - Mechanics of Progressive Collapse:
Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions - Journal of
Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 133, No. 3) - full article
2007/11 - Ming Wang, Peter Chang, James Quintiere, Andre Marshall - Scale
Modeling of the 96th Floor of World Trade Center Tower 1 - Journal of
Performance of Constructed Facilities (Vol. 21, No. 6)
2008
2008/01 - Ayhan Irfanoglu, Christoph M. Hoffmann - An Engineering Perspective of
the Collapse of WTC-1 - Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities (Vol.
22, No. 1) - full article
2008/03 - Keith A. Seffen - Progressive Collapse of the World Trade Centre: a
Simple Analysis - Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 134, No. 2) - full
article
2008/07 - Genady P. Cherepanov - Collapse of towers as applied to September 11
events - Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv (Materials Science) (Vol. 44, No.
4)
2008/10 - Zdenek P. Bazant, Jia-Liang Le, Frank R. Greening, David B. Benson -
What Did and Did not Cause Collapse of WTC Twin Towers in New York - Journal of
Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 134, No. 10) - full article
Letters
2005/03 - Genady P. Cherepanov - September 11 And Fracture Mechanics - A
Retrospective - International Journal of Fracture (Vol. 132, No. 2)
2007/01 - Genady P. Cherepanov, Ivan E. Esparragoza - Progressive Collapse of
Towers: The Resistance Effect - International Journal of Fracture (Vol. 143, No.
2)
Conference Papers
2002/11 - Lu Xinzheng, Jiang Jianjing - Simulation for the Collapse of WTC after
Aeroplane Impact - Proceedings of the International Conference on Protection of
Structures Against Hazard, 14 − 15 November 2002, Singapore - full paper
2003/05 - Venkatash K. R. Kodur - Role of fire resistance issues in the collapse
of the Twin Towers - Proceedings of the CIB-CTBUH International Conference on
Tall Buildings, 8 - 10 May 2003, Kuala Lumpur - full paper
2003/11 - Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl - World Trade Center Collapse, Field
Investigation and Analysis - Proceedings of the Ninth Arab Structural
Engineering Conference, 29 November – 1 December 2003, Abu Dhabi - full paper
Articles In Science Magazines
2001/10 - Steven Ashley - When the Twin Towers Fell - Scientific American - full
article
2001/10 - Zdenek P. Bazant, Yong Zhou - Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse?
- Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics News (Vol. 34, No. 8) - full
article
2002/01 - Henry Petroski - The Fall of Skyscrapers - American Scientist (Vol.
90, No. 1) - full article
See also: Fire Safety Engineering & the Performance of
Structural Steel in Fires
WTC Building 7
WTC 7 Engineering Papers, Collapse Hypotheses, Witness Accounts and Photographic
Evidence
NIST, FEMA, & ASCE reports & critiques, WTC collapse analyses,
Articles by and about the tower engineers and investigators, progressive
collapse info, engineering resources
Main 9/11 Links Page
"I am disgusted, disgusted with the structural engineers who know the truth
about this and are keeping their mouth shut. There’s a special place in Hell
reserved for them. And they are going to deserve it." -"Scholar for 9/11 Truth"
James Fetzer
Pentagon
The ASCE Pentagon Building Performance Report (PDF) (Dead Link)
World Trade Center
NIST Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the WTC 1&2 Collapses - August,
2006
NIST Answers to Frequently Asked Questions - December, 2007
NIST Final Reports on WTC 1 & 2
NIST NCSTAR 1 (PDF): URL="http://wtc.nist.gov/NCSTAR1/PDF/NCSTAR%201.pdf"]Federal
Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster: Final
Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World
Trade Center Towers[/url]
NCSTAR 1-1 Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety
Systems
NCSTAR 1-2 Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis
of the WTC Towers
NCSTAR 1-3 Mechanical and Metallurgical Analysis of Structural Steel
NCSTAR 1-4 Active Fire Protection Systems
NCSTAR 1-5 Reconstruction of the Fires in the World Trade Center Towers
NCSTAR 1-6 Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequence
NCSTAR 1-7 Occupant Behavior, Egress, and Emergency Communication
NCSTAR 1-8 The Emergency Response Operations
Alternate Collapse Hypotheses
Investigations leading to alternate tower collapse hypotheses, and critiques of
NIST's WTC investigation by knowledgeable people who are not conspiracy
theorists: FEMA/ASCE, Arup Fire, University of Edinburgh, Usmani, Torero, Lane,
Cherepanov, Quintiere, Corbett, Mackey, Greening
Journal and Conference Papers
Peer-reviewed papers and conference papers about the WTC impacts, fires, and
collapses
WTC collapse papers with Zdenek Bazant as lead author
What Did and Did not Cause Collapse of WTC Twin Towers in New York Authors
Bazant, Le, Greening & Benson. Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 134 (2008).
Refutation of controlled demolition theory. Discusses matching of video record
with progressive collapse equations, "free-fall" claims, concrete crushing (and
how much TNT equivalent would be needed to do that crushing), air pressure &
ejection of air, spread of dust cloud.
Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building
Demolitions Co-author Verdure. PDF. Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 133
(2007): pp. 308-319
Excerpt (applies to link above and below): The kinetic energy of the top part of
the tower impacting the floor below was found to be about 8.4x larger than the
plastic energy absorption capability of the underlying story, and considerably
higher than that if fracturing were taken into account (Ba=C5=BEant and Zhou
2002a). This fact, along with the fact that during the progressive collapse of
underlying stories the loss of gravitational potential per story is much greater
than the energy dissipated per story, was sufficient for Ba=C5=BEant and Zhou
(2002a) to conclude, purely on energy grounds, that the tower was doomed once
the top part of the tower dropped through the height of one story (or even 0.5
m).
Discussion and replies to June 2006 Bazant & Verdure paper: James Gourley, G.
Szuladinski. Closing comments from Bazant to Gourley (after detailed rebuttal to
his claims):
Although everyone is certainly entitled to express his or her opinion on any
issue of concern, interested critics should realize that, to help discern the
truth about an engineering problem such as the WTC collapse, it is necessary to
become acquainted with the relevant material from an appropriate textbook on
structural mechanics. Otherwise critics run the risk of misleading and wrongly
influencing the public with incorrect information.
Bazant & Zhou, 2001-2002: Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse? - Simple
Analysis J. Engineering Mechanics ASCE, Sept. 28, 2001, addendum March, 2002.
Other explanations of the tower collapses
November, 2007: Structural Engineer Keith Seffen's mathematical model of WTC
tower progressive collapse (PDF. Due to appear in the Journal of Engineering
Mechanics, Vol. 134, No. 2, February 2008)
BBC News article about Seffen's paper
Dr. Frank Greening's papers on the Collapses, Energy Transfer, "Tipping,"
Concrete Pulverization (PDFs)
Physicist Manuel Garcia's Counterpunch articles on the physics of the WTC
collapses Pt.1- Pt.2- Pt.3
Why didn't the towers, or the upper portions of them, topple over?
Why didn't the upper part pivot about it's base? See Bazant & Zhou (2001)
Appendix II
Eduardo Kausel (MIT): Why the Towers didn't fall like trees
Frank Greening: An analysis of the tipping of the upper section of WTC 2 (PDF)
A simple graphic explanation of why the top of the south tower didn't fall to
the side.
Physicist Dave Rogers on tipping of tower tops.
Structural engineer "Newton's Bit" on "tipping"
Explanations of NIST's Investigation Methods
See also: Investigations leading to alternate collapse hypotheses.
NIST's Investigation of the Sept. 11 World Trade Center Disaster: FAQ (2002:
Goals & Methods)
Ryan Mackey on how the NIST investigation works, and on "Scholars" critics
Ryan Mackey on NIST's degree of certainty, bounding cases, comparisons to other
studies
Ryan Mackey on NIST altering model inputs
Ryan Mackey on NIST recovered steel and fire models
JREF Ktesibios on NIST workstation actual tests
JREF RWGuinn on testing models to failure
Ryan Mackey on NIST fuel load estimates
Physicist Dave Rogers on scaling issues with physical models of large structures
NIST's Recommendations, and the Architectural and Engineering Community's
Response
NIST summary of WTC 1 & 2 investigation results & recommendations (PDF)
The AIA's Response to NIST's Draft Report and Recommendations (PDF)
The World Trade Center Collapse and its Implications for International Standards
- W. Gene Corley ISO Focus, January 2004 (PDF)
"Reexamining Premises for High-Rise Design" Security Management magazine (PDF)
In this article from Security Management magazine, Dr. Gene Corley discusses
lessons from the World Trade Center investigation and how they might affect
future building design.
NIBS Building Code Experts: Translating WTC Recommendations into Model Building
Codes
First Comprehensive Set of Model Code Changes Adopted Based on Recommendations
from Commerce’s NIST World Trade Center Investigation (June, 2007)
Twin Towers' Structural Engineers on the Record
Excellent New Yorker Profile of WTC chief engineer Leslie Robertson, early
speculation about collapses, many quotes from engineers, info about skyscraper
design
Leslie Robertson on WTC steel core
No Tower Can Withstand Attack As Jets Get Bigger, Expert Says (Les Robertson $
NYT March 14, 2002)
"Reflections on the World Trade Center" (Robertson. PDF)
Jon Magnusson of Skilling Ward, helped design towers: "Engineers couldn't have
known"
Gene Corley on FEMA/ASCE investigation lessons
"What We Learned: Building Performance Study of the WTC Collapse" (PDF) Outlines
preliminary lessons learned in the FEMA/ASCE investigation of the NY World Trade
Center collapse.
"Corley, ASCE Take Part in House Hearing" (PDF) On March 6, CTLGroup senior vice
president Dr. Gene Corley testified before the Committee on Science of the U.S.
House of Representatives. Dr. Corley was one of several members of the ASCE
structural investigation team who were asked to discuss the performance of the
World Trade Center in the September 11th attacks, and its implications for
future building design. An article on the hearing from ASCE News.
"Looking Back on 9/11" (PDF) In this interview, Dr. Gene Corley discusses
engineers' roles in the World Trade Center Building Performance Study
Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl's WTC collapse investigations
Tower Wreckage Reveals Clues - Astaneh - Jersey City Scrap Yards (later, some of
these conclusions proved wrong)
Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl WTC Collapse, Field Investigations, and Analysis (Dec.
2003)
Now, as the five-year anniversary of the World Trade Center attack draws near,
Astaneh-Asl finally expects to have the results of his analysis published in an
academic journal. The project, requiring thousands of hours to complete, was
self-funded and conducted by Astaneh-Asl, his students, and analysts from the
MSC.Software Corporation, which donated the structural analysis software (MD
Nastran and Dytran). Did the Building Do it? (Astaneh Study)
Testimony of Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl Before the House Committee on Science,
March, 2002
Investigations involving extensive computer modeling of the towers
April, 2007: Purdue University analysis of WTC 1 collapse using LS-Dyna**More on
the Purdue WTC study
"Did the Building Do It?" (Article about Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl/Cal FEA study,
Sept, 2006)
Now, as the five-year anniversary of the World Trade Center attack draws near,
Astaneh-Asl finally expects to have the results of his analysis published in an
academic journal. The project, requiring thousands of hours to complete, was
self-funded and conducted by Astaneh-Asl, his students, and analysts from the
MSC.Software Corporation, which donated the structural analysis software (MD
Nastran and Dytran).
NIST's SAP reference models of WTC 1&2, obtained through FOIA request
LU Xinzheng & JIANG Jianjing Simulation for the Collapse of WTC after Aeroplane
Impact. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Protection of
Structures Against Hazards, Nov. 2002. 57~60
Weidlinger Report Ties WTC Collapses to Column Failures (Matthys Levy). 10/25/02
The engineering team is comprised of: Weidlinger Associates Inc., led by Matthys
Levy and Najib Abboud; LZA Technology/Thornton-Tomasetti Group, led by Daniel
Cuoco and Gary Panariello; ARUPFire, led by Richard Custer; Hughes Associates
Inc., led by Craig Beyler; SafirRosetti, led by Howard Safir; Hillman
Environmental Group, led by Christopher Hillmann and John B. Glass Jr.; RWDI,
led by Peter Irwin; Dr. W. Gene Corley, who led the ASCE-FEMA study; Professor
Sean Ahearn; and Z-Axis Corp., led by Gary Freed and Alan Treibitz.
Weidlinger Study - Column failures
Weidlinger study refutes FEMA. Collapse inevitable due to structural damage and
fires, not to WTC design defects. (NYT Oct 22, 2002)
First Tower to Fall Was hit at Higher Speed, Study Finds (NYT February 23, 2002)
Silverstein Sending Tower Data to U.S. Agency (NIST/Weidlinger/Insurance
Agencies NYT Oct 1, 2002)
Even though the exterior columns all looked identical, both the grade and
thickness of their steel varied from place to place, said Dr. Fahim Sadek, a
researcher at the institute's building and fire research lab, who is producing a
detailed structural model of the towers on a computer using the original
blueprints. So there were actually more than 130 different column types, he
said, each having to be accounted for in his model. From there, it gets only
more intricate. One of Dr. Sadek's detailed models for a single floor -- the
96th floor of the north tower, considered typical -- contains 40,000 separate
elements. A coarser representation of the entire tower contains 90,000 elements.
Swiss Re/Exponent Failure Analysis Associates WTC engineering study, Oct. 2002
(Complete copies of the FaAA study are available at Swiss Re by calling
212-317-5663.)
Ming Wang, Peter Chang, James Quintiere, and Andre Marshall "Scale Modeling of
the 96th Floor of World Trade Center Tower 1" Journal of Performance of
Constructed Facilities Volume 21, Issue 6, pp. 414-421 http://www.internationalskeptics.com...60#post3161860
Applied Reseach Associates NIST World Trade Center Investigations
Aircraft Impact Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Jay Windley's (Jay Utah of BAUT forum) excellent explanation of Finite Element
Analysis
Structure Magazine: Computer Modeling of the Collapse of the World Trade Center
Towers (March, 2007)
CAD Digest article with CAD graphics (September, 2001) G. Charles Clifton
NIST's SAP reference models of WTC 1&2, obtained through FOIA request
More on WTC engineering, articles by and about engineers who worked on the
buildings and on the investigations
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS AT GROUND ZERO - NCSEA (August Domel, Nov. 2001)
The Days After, the Days Ahead: Civil engineers respond to 9/11 Attacks (Civil
Engineering, Nov. 2001)
Structural engineers first in the aftermath
Civil Engineering Magazine: Dissecting the Collapses
Articles in the National Academy of Engineering's "The Bridge" Spring, 2002
(PDF):
Editorial: Engineering and Homeland Defense by George Bugliarello
World Trade Center „Bathtub": From Genesis to Armageddon by George J. Tamaro The
engineer who oversaw the construction of the World Trade Center „bathtub"
describes the recovery efforts.
A 911 Call to the Engineering Profession by Robert Prieto The events of
September 11 challenged the future of our heavily engineered environment and the
future of the engineering profession.
Early Structural Investigation Teams (through 5/02)
ASCE WTC Disaster Response Team
Engineer Tim Schenck on early GZ work
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) The World
Trade Center Terrorist Attack: Damage to Critical Facilities and Crisis Response
Georgia Tech Engineering Team Will Conduct Post-Disaster Assessment at World
Trade Center Attack Site
Architecture Week: Engineers Explain Collapses (5/2002)
Towers Lost and Beyond: 8 Articles by MIT researchers 2001-2002.
Civil Engineer: WTC & Pentagon Links Portal
Blog: Civil & structural engineers on WTC collapse
Forum on Technical Implications of WTC Collapses (Columbia U., November, 2001)
MIT Masters Thesis: WTC Disaster Analysis & Recommendations (June, 2005)
Designing tall buildings to Resist Earthquakes ($ NYT 2002)
Institute of Structural Engineers: Safety in tall buildings and other buildings
of large occupancy ($ 2002)
9/17/01 Inferno Heat, Not Impact, Brought Down Towers, Experts Say
9/19/01: Space.com "Gravity Helped Destroy Twin Towers" concrete too heavy for
core construction, walls seen buckling, seismic data
December, 2007: JOM: The Role of Metallurgy in the NIST Investigation of the
Twin Tower Collapses
Others write about sensibly about the collapses
JREF Nobby Nobbs: Some basics on the physics of the collapses
Bautforum: Jay Utah's excellent explanation of Finite Element Analysis
JREF R. Mackey on Gordon Ross / Frank Greening debate
JREF R.Mackey on freefall and energy available for deformation
JREF R. Mackey on Judy Wood's "Math"
JREF Arkan on tower collapse times
JREF Myriad on kinetic energy of initial collapses
JREF rwguinn on structural steel deformation
JREF Dr. Adequate on Steven Jones' "handwaving" argument.
Physics kinetic energy Moscatelli The destructive forces unleashed
Steven Jones to Jim Fetzer: grand piano speed, damage to bathtub Judy Wood
JREF Kookbreaker on pancake collapse history
Ryan Mackey on independent validations of the NIST report.
Roberts: Were the towers as strong as they were designed to be?
JREF rwguinn: The engineers in my office thought the towers would collapse
More about the NIST & FEMA investigations
In Collapsing Towers, a Cascade of Failures ($ NYT Nov. 11, 2001)
Experts Urging Broader Inquiry In Towers' Fall (NYT Glanz, steel removal, Dec
25, 2001)
NIST to take over collapse investigation ($ NYT January 17, 2002)
Critique of FEMA WTC report by Ed Schulte in Plumbing Engineer, July, 2005 (PDF)
Learning from 9/11 (March, 2002) Hearing before the House Committee on Science:
ASCE/FEMA BPAT study
Mismanagement Muddled Collapse Inquiry, House Panel Says (FEMA/NYC gov't/Fed
gov't. $ NYT March 7, 2002)
At one point, Representative Anthony D. Weiner, a Democrat from New York City,
asked for the official in charge to raise his hand, and two men, and then three
appeared to do so. ''We have very serious problems here,'' added Representative
John B. Larson, a Connecticut Democrat.
The lack of clear authority has had unfortunate consequences, the House members
said. The Giuliani administration started to send World Trade Center steel off
to recycling yards before investigators could examine it to determine whether it
might hold crucial clues as to why the buildings fell.
The full investigative team set up by FEMA was not allowed to enter ground zero
to collect other potentially critical evidence in the weeks after the attack,
and it did not get a copy of the World Trade Center blueprints until early
January, a delay House members found infuriating.
'The delay in the receipt of the plans did somewhat hinder the team's ability to
confirm their understanding of the buildings,'' said Dr. W. Gene Corley, a
structural engineer leading the investigative committee organized by FEMA.
A Port Authority spokesman defended the agency, saying that building plans had
been given to federal officials within a week of the attack and that the agency
was cooperating fully with the inquiry.
The federal officials who testified yesterday -- Dr. Arden L. Bement Jr., the
director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Robert F.
Shea, the acting administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's
Insurance and Mitigation Administration -- repeatedly nodded their agreement.
In response to criticism from one committee member, Mr. Shea said, ''Frankly, I
agree with you. There are many things in hindsight we would have done
differently.''
The problem, they said, was the lack of clear authority in federal law and
financing. None of the investigators, for example, had subpoena power, meaning
that they could not order the city to stop sending the steel off for recycling
or demand a copy of the building blueprints.
Government Orders Inquiry Into Trade Center Collapse ($ NYT March 23, 2002)
The Trade Center; Towers Fell as Intense Fire Beat Defenses, Report Says (FEMA.
$ NYT March 29, 2002)
Interviews will examine why trade center collapsed -100,000 workers issued
security passes
Wider Inquiry Into Towers Is Proposed ($ NYT May 2, 2002)
"In Data Trove, a Graphic Look at Towers' Fall, ($ NYT October 29, 2002)
Twin Tower Collapse Theory Challenged (Feb. 2003)
NIST Minutes of December 2-3, 2003, Meeting
New Evidence Is Reported That Floors Failed on 9/11 ($ NYT Dec. 3, 2003)
S. Shyam Sunder, who is leading the investigation for the National Institute of
Standards and Technology in the Commerce Department, said, ''We are seeing
evidence of floors appearing to be sagging -- or that had been damaged -- prior
to collapse.'' Still, Dr. Sunder said, ''The relative role of the floors and the
columns still remain to be determined in the collapse.''
NIST Not Ruling Anything Out on WTC Probe
Reliving 9/11, With Fire as Teacher (Modeling. $ NYT, Jan. 6, 2004)link
NIST Public Briefing 05/05/04
Fire Testing Is Questioned In Findings On Towers (Current testing standards for
new buildings inadequate. $ NYT August 26, 2004)
WTC Twin Tower Construction Details Pertinent to Engineering Investigations
See also WTC Construction, Systems, Power and WTC Core Construction
Gregory Urich: Detailed Estimate of Mass and Potential Energy of World Trade
Center Tower (pdf)
WTC 1 & 2 core column data
Report of WTC fire code compliance--1993 (pdf)
Truther Claim: the term "Progressive Collapse" is a new one and describes a
phenomenon rarely or never seen before 9/11.
Jim Hoffman, whom many truthers describe as one of their best researchers:
You've heard that the Twin Towers pancaked, crushing themselves completely. The
experts gave us a fancy-sounding term for this: progressive collapse. If you
search with the phrase "progressive collapse" you will find numerous articles,
most of them written since 9/11/01 about things like assessing and retrofitting
existing structures against progressive collapse. It seems that the only
examples of progressive collapse of buildings cited are the Twin Towers,
Building 7, and the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
A few examples of reality:
"As the hon. Gentleman will know, I accepted the tribunal's recommendations in
respect of gas which show that once buildings are strengthened against the
possibility of progressive collapse there is no reason why gas should not be
used..." -Ronan Point Flats (Report), November, 1968
"New safeguards against the progressive collapse of tall buildings..." -"New
Safety Law for Buildings," The Times (London), February 6, 1970
"The engineering term 'progressive collapse' - a potential calamity in high-rise
structures - carries a sad double meaning throughout the evening."
-'Benefactors' by Frayn, The New York Times, December 23, 1985
'It was a progressive collapse,'' Mr. Cohen said. ''What touched it off, we
don't know.'' -"Collapse Inquiry Studies Bracing for New Column," The New York
Times, May 1, 1987.
Some Progressive Collapse Studies & Recommendations
Thanks to JREF forum member cmcaulif for his contributions
Progressive Collapse Basics (R. Shankar Nair. 2004 North American Steel
Construction Conference. PDF)
Fire Induced Progressive Collapse. (Arup. PDF) "This paper considers issues
related to fire induced progressive collapse of tall buildings in extreme
events."
Fire induced progressive collapse analysis of high rise buildings
NISTIR 7396 "Best Practices for Reducing the Potential for Progressive Collapse
in Buildings," February 2007
Above report based on NIST/SEI workshops. Workshop presentation materials are
here
Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl: Progressive collapse prevention in new and existing
buildings (Includes use of catenary action of cables to resist collapse. 2003.
pdf).
Practical Means for Energy-Based Analyses of Disproportionate Collapse Potential
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp.
336-348 (November 2006)
Progressive Analysis Procedure for Progressive Collapse
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 18, Issue 2, pp. 79-85
(May 2004)
Progressive Collapse of Structures: Annotated Bibliography and Comparison of
Codes and Standards
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp.
418-425 (November 2006)
Cheol-Ho Lee, Seonwoong Kim, Kyu-Hong Han, Kyungkoo Lee 2009. "Simplified
nonlinear progressive collapse analysis of welded steel moment frames"
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Volume 65, Issue 5, 1130-1137
Feng Fu, "Progressive collapse analysis of high-rise building with 3-D finite
element modeling method" Journal of Constructional Steel Research, In Press,
Corrected Proof, Available online 13 March 2009
A.G. Vlassis, B.A. Izzuddin, A.Y. Elghazouli, D.A. Nethercot, "Progressive
collapse of multi-storey buildings due to failed floor impact" Engineering
Structures, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 March 2009
Abstract excerpt: "The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated
by means of a case study, which considers the impact response of a floor plate
within a typical multi-storey steel-framed composite building. ...The
application study illustrates the extremely onerous conditions imposed on the
impacted floor resulting in an increased vulnerability to progressive collapse
for structures of this type."
B.A. Izzuddin, A.G. Vlassis, A.Y. Elghazouli, D.A. Nethercot, "Progressive
collapse of multi-storey buildings due to sudden column loss - Part I:
Simplified assessment framework" Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 5, May
2008, Pages 1308-1318
A.G. Vlassis, B.A. Izzuddin, A.Y. Elghazouli, D.A. Nethercot, "Progressive
collapse of multi-storey buildings due to sudden column loss - Part II:
Application" Engineering Structures, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 2008, Pages
1424-1438
Santiago Pujol, J. Paul Smith-Pardo 2009. "A new perspective on the effects of
abrupt column removal" Engineering Structures, Volume 31, Issue 4, 869-874
Hyun-Su Kim, Jinkoo Kim, Da-Woon An, "Development of integrated system for
progressive collapse analysis of building structures considering dynamic
effects" Advances in Engineering Software, Volume 40, Issue 1, January 2009,
Pages 1-8
Jinkoo Kim, Taewan Kim, "Assessment of progressive collapse-resisting capacity
of steel moment frames" Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Volume 65,
Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 169-179
Jeom Kee Paik, Bong Ju Kim, "Progressive collapse analysis of thin-walled box
columns" Thin-Walled Structures, Volume 46, Issue 5, May 2008, Pages 541-550
The following individuals and groups participated in the 911 investigations,
cleanup and research. Not one has come forward to support the Truther version of
events.
7,000+ FBI Agents who conducted a three-year 911 investigation
1,500 people who worked the flight 93 crash scene
40,000 people who worked the piles at Ground Zero
55 FBI Evidence Response Teams at Fresh Kills in New York
8,000+ people who worked the scene at the Pentagon
Notice the number of civil and structural engineers in this list
Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, Ph.D., P.E. / Aine M. Brazil, P.E., S.E. / Alan Rosa,
P.E., S.E. / Alfred D. Barcenilla, Sr., P.E. / Allan Jowsey, Ph.D. / Allyn
Kilsheimer, P.E., S.E. / Amit Bandyopadhyay, S.E. / Amy Zelson Mundorff /
Anamaria Bonilla, S.E. / Andre Sidler, P.E., S.E. / Andrei Reinhorn, Ph.D.,
P.E., S.E. / Andrew Coats, P.E., S.E. / Andrew McConnell, S.E. / Andrew
Mueller-Lust, S.E. / Andrew Pontecorvo, P.E. / Andrew Whittaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
S.E. / Anthony Kirk US&R Structural Specialist / Anthony W. Chuliver, S.E. /
Antoine E. Naaman, Ph.D. / Antranig M. Ouzoonian, P.E. / Arlan Dobson, FEMA
Region 2 DAS / Arthur Schuerman, FDNY (ret.) / Asif Usmani, Ph.D., B.E. / August
Domel, Ph.D., S.E., P.E. / Ayhan Irfanoglu, P.E., S.E. / Barbara Lane, Ph.D. /
Bernie Denke, P.E. US&R Structural Specialist / Bill Cote / Bill Coulbourne,
P.E., S.E. / Bill Crowley, special agent, FBI / Bill Daly, senior vice
president, Control Risks Group / Bill Scott (Capt. USAF, Ret.), / Bill Uher,
NASA Langley Research Center / Bob Gray (I.U.O.E.) / Bonnie Manley, P.E., S.E. /
Boris Hayda, P.E., S.E. / Brian Lyons, Tully / Brian McElhatten, S.E. / Brian
Smith (Col.), Chief Deputy Medical Examiner, Dover AFB / Brian Tokarczik, P.E.,
S.E. / Charles Hirsch, M.D. / Charles J. Carter, P.E., S.E. / Charles Thornton,
P.E. / Charlie Vitchers / Christoph Hoffmann, Ph.D., Purdue University /
Christopher E. Marrion, P.E. / Christopher M. Hewitt, AISC / Christopher N.
McCowan / Chuck Guardia, S.E. / Conrad Paulson, P.E., S.E. / Curtis S.D. Massey
/ D. Stanton Korista, P.E., S.E. / Dan Doyle (IW 40) / Dan Eschenasy, P.E., S.E.
/ Dan Koch Jr. / Daniel A. Cuoco, P.E / Daniele Veneziano, P.E. / David Biggs,
P.E., S.E. / David Cooper, P.E. / David Davidowitz, ConEd / David Hoy, S.E. /
David J. Hammond, P.E., S.E. / David Leach, P.E. / David M. Parks, ME / David
Newland Sc.D., FREng. / David Peraza, P.E., S.E. / David Ranlet / David
Schomburg / David Sharp, S.E. / David T. Biggs, P.E. / Dean Koutsoubis, S.E. /
Dean Tills, P.E. / Delbert Boring, P.E. / Dennis Clark (IST) / Dennis Dirkmaat,
Ph.D. / Dennis Mileti, Ph.D. / Dennis Smith / Dharam Pal, M.E. / Dick Posthauer,
S.E. / Donald Friedman, P.E. / Donald O. Dusenberry, P.E. / Ed Jacoby Jr.,
NYSEMO / Ed McGinley, P.E. / Ed Plaugher, Chief, Arlington FD / Edward A. Flynn,
Arlington Police Chief / Edward M. DePaola, P.E., S.E. / Edward Stinnette,
Chief, FCFD / Eiji Fukuzawa / Fahim Sadek, P.E., S.E. / Farid Alfawakhiri,
Ph.D., P.E., S.E. / Frank Vallebuono, FDNY Battalion Chief / Anthony Varriale,
FDNY Captain / Frank Cruthers, FDNY Chief / Frank Fellini, FDNY Chief / Joseph
Callan, FDNY Chief / Daniel Nigro, FDNY Chief of Operations / Nick Visconti,
FDNY Deputy Chief / Peter Hayden, FDNY Deputy Chief / Sam Melisi, FDNY
Firefighter / Forman Williams, Ph.D., P.E. / Francis J. Lombardi, P.E. / Frank
Gayle, Sc.D. / Frank Greening, Ph.D. / Fred E.C. Culick, Ph.D., S.B. / Fred
Endrikat, FEMA USAR / Gary Keith, V.P. NFPA / Gary Steficek, S.E. / Gary Tokle,
Asst. VP, NFPA / George Tamaro, P.E., S.E. / Gerald Haynes, P.E. / Gerald
Wellman US&R Structural Specialist / Glenn Corbett / Graeme Flint / Guy Colonna,
P.E., NFPA / Guylene Proulx, Ph.D. / H.S. Lew, P.E., S.E. / Hal Bidlack, Lt.
Col. USAF (ret.), Ph.D. / Harold E. Nelson, P.E., FSFP.E. / Harry Martin, AISC /
Howard R. Baum, Ph.D., M.E. / J. David Frost, Ph.D., P.E. / J. David McColskey /
Jack Brown Deputy Chief Loudoun County (Va.) Fire Rescue Department / Jack
Messagno, WTC project Manager (Tully) / Jack Spencer, P.E. / Jacques Grandino,
P.E., S.E. / James A. Rossberg, P.E. / James Chastain US&R Structural Specialist
/ James H. Fahey, S.E. / James J. Cohen, P.E., S.E. / James J. Hauck, P.E., S.E.
/ James Lord, FSFP.E. / James Milke, Ph.D., P.E. / James Quintiere, Ph.D., P.E.
/ Jan Szumanski, IUOE / Jason Averill, FSFP.E. / Jeff Rienbold, NPS / Jeffrey
Hartman, S.E. / Jim Abadie, Bovis / Joel Meyerowitz / John Fisher, Ph.D., P.E.,
/ John Flynn, P.E. / John Gross, Ph.D., P.E. / John Hodgens, FDNY (ret.) / John
J. Healey, Ph.D., P.E. / John J. Zils, P.E., S.E. / John L. Gross, Ph.D., P.E. /
John Lekstutis, P.E. / John M. Hanson, Ph.D, P.E. / John McArdle NYPD/ESU (DTC)
/ John Moran, NYPD/ESU (NTC) / John O'Connell, Chief FDNY / John Odermatt (NYC
OEM) / John Ruddy, P.E., S.E. / John Ryan, PAPD / John W. Fisher, P.E. / Jon
Magnusson, P.E., S.E. / Jonathan Barnett, Ph.D / Joo-Eun Lee P.E., S.E. / Jos=C3=A9
Torero, Ph.D. / Joseph C. Gehlen, P.E., S.E. / Joseph Englot, P.E., S.E. / Jozef
Van Dyck, P.E. / Juan Paulo Morla, S.E. / Karen Damianick, P.E. / Karl Koch III
/ Karl Koch IV / Kaspar Willam, P.E., S.E. / Keith A. Seffen, MA, Ph.D. / Ken
Hays / Kenneth Holden / Kent Watts / Kevin Brennan, OSHA / Kevin Malley, FDNY
(ret.) / Kevin Terry, S.E. / Kurt Gustafson, P.E., S.E. / Larry Keating (IW 40)
/ Lawrence C. Bank, Ph.D., P.E. / Lawrence Griffis, P.E. / Lawrence Novak, P.E.,
S.E. / Leo J. Titus, P.E. / Leonard M. Joseph, P.E. / Leslie E. Robertson, P.E.,
S.E. / Long T. Phan, Ph.D., P.E. / Lou Mendes, P.E., S.E. / Louis Errichiello,
S.E. / Manny Velivasakis, P.E. / Mark Blair / Mark Kucera, USACE / Mark
Pierepiekarz, P.E., S.E. / Mark Stahl / Mark Tamaro, P.E / Mark Volpe, IW 40 /
Marty Corcoran / Matthew G. Yerkey, P.E., S.E. / Matthew McCormick, NTSB /
Melbourne Garber, P.E., S.E. / Merle E. Brander, P.E. / Mete A. Sozen, Ph.D.,
S.E. / Michael Burton, P.E. / Michael Dallal / Michael Fagel, Ph.D., CEM /
Michael Hessheimer, S.E. / Michael K. Hynes, Ed.D., ATP, CFI / Michael Tylk,
P.E., S.E. / Michel Bruneau, Ph.D., P.E., S.E. / Mike Banker, FDNY Capt. (SOC) /
Mike Marscio, P.E. / Miroslav Sulc,, P.E., S.E. / Mohammed Ettouney / Mohammed
R. Karim, Ph.D. / Morgan Hurley, FSFP.E. / Nestor Iwankiw, Ph.D., P.E. / Nick
Carcich / Norman Groner, Ph.D. / Pablo Lopez, P.E., S.E. / Patrick McNierney,
P.E., S.E. / Paul A. Bosela, Ph.D., P.E. / Paul F. Mlakar, Ph.D., P.E. / Paul
Sledzik / Paul Tertell, P.E. / Pete Bakersky / Peter Chipchase, S.E. / Peter
Rinaldi, P.E. / Phillip Murray, P.E. / Pia Hoffman / Rajani Nair, S.E. / Ralph
Castillo, P.E., F.P.E. / Ralph D'Apuzo, P.E. / Ramon Gilsanz, P.E., S.E / Randy
Lawson / Raul Maestre, P.E., S.E. / Raymond F. Messer, P.E. / Raymond H.R. Tide,
P.E., S.E. / Reidar Bjorhovde, Ph.D., P.E / Richard Bukowski P.E., FSFP.E. /
Richard G. Gewain, P.E., S.E. / Richard Gann, Ph.D. / Richard Garlock, P.E.,
S.E. / Richard J. Fields, Ph.D. / Richard Kahler US&R Structural Specialist /
Robert Athanas (thermal imaging specialist, FDNY) / Robert C. Sinn, P.E., S.E. /
Robert Clarke, S.E. / Robert F. Duval (NFPA) / Robert Frances US&R Structural
Specialist / Robert J. McNamara, P.E., S.E. / Robert L. Parker, Ph.D. / Robert
Ratay, Ph.D., P.E., S.E. / Robert Shaler, M.D. / Robert Smilowitz, Ph.D., P.E /
Robert Solomon, P.E. / Robert Wills, AISC / Ron Dokell, president, Demolition
Consultants / Ronald Greeley, Ph.D. / Ronald Hamburger, P.E., S.E. / Ronald J.
LaMere, P.E. / Ronald Rehm, Ph.D. / Ronald Spadafora, FDNY D.A.C / Ruben M.
Zallen, P.E. / Russell "Rusty" Dodge Jr, Asst. Chief, Fort Belvoir FD / Ryan
Mackey / S. Shyam Sunder, P.E., S.E. / Saroj Bhol, P.E. / Saw-Teen See, P.E. /
Shankar Nair. P.E., S.E. / Shawn Kelly, Arlington County Fire Marshal / Skip
Aldous, Lt. Col., U.S. Air Force (Ret.) / Socrates Ioannides, P.E., S.E. / Sonny
Scarff / Stan Murphy, P.E. / Stephen Cauffman / Stephen W. Banovic, Ph.D. /
Steve Douglass, image analysis consultant / Steve Rasweiler, FDNY B.C. (SOC) /
Steve Spall, P.E., S.E. / Stuart Foltz, P.E. / Terry Sullivan, Bovis / Theodore
Galambos, P.E. / Theodore Krauthammer, Ph.D., P.E. / Therese P. McAllister,
Ph.D., P.E. / Thomas A. Siewert / Thomas Eagar, Sc.D., P.E. / Thomas Hawkins Jr,
Chief, AFD / Thomas R. Edwards, Ph.D / Thomas Schlafly, AISC / Timothy Foecke,
Ph.D. / Todd Curtis, Ph.D / Todd Ude, P.E., S.E. / Tom Scarangello, P.E. / Tom
Stanton (IST) / Tomasz Wierzbicki / Tony Beale, P.E. / Valentine Junker / Van
Romero, Ph.D. / Venkatesh Kodur, Ph.D., P.E. / Victor Hare, P.E. / Victoria
Arbitrio, P.E. / Vincent Dunn, FDNY (ret.) / W. Gene Corley, Ph.D., P.E., S.E. /
W. Lee Evey / Wallace Miller / William Baker, P.E., S.E / William E. Luecke,
Ph.D. / William Grosshandler, Ph.D., ME / William Howell, P.E., S.E. / William
Koplitz photo desk manager, FEMA / William McGuire, P.E. / Willie Quinlan, IW /
Won-Young Kim, Ph.D / Yates Gladwell pilot, VF Corp. / Yukihiro Omika / Zdenek
Bazant, Ph.D., S.E. /</div>ACE Bermuda Insurance / AEMC Construction / AIG
Insurance / Air Traffic Control System Command Center in Washington / Alexandria
VA Fire & Rescue / Allianz Global Risks / American Airlines / American Concrete
Institute / American Institute of Steel Construction / American Red Cross /
Applied Biosystems Inc. / Applied Research Associates / Arlington County
Emergency Medical Services / Arlington County Fire Department / Arlington County
Sheriff's Department / Arlington VA Police Department / Armed Forces Institute
of Pathology / Armed Forces Institute of Technology Federal Advisory Committee /
ARUP USA / Atlantic Heydt Inc. / Bechtel / Berlin Fire Department / Big Apple
Wrecking / Blanford & Co. / Bode Technology Group / Bovis Inc. / Building and
Construction Trades Council / Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms / C-130H
crew in D.C. & Shanksville / Cal Berkeley Engineering Dept. / California
Incident Management Team / Carter Burgess Engineering / Celera Genomics /
Centers for Disease Control / Central City Fire Department / Central
Intelligence Agency / Cleveland Airport control tower / Columbia University
Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics / Congressional Joint
Intelligence Committee / Consolidated Edison Company / Construction Technologies
Laboratory / Controlled Demolitions Inc. / Council on Tall Buildings and Urban
Habitat / Counterterrorism and Security Group / CTL Engineering / D.H. Griffin
Wrecking Co. Inc. / DeSimone Consulting Engineers / Dewhurst MacFarlane
&Partners / DiSalvo Ericson Engineering / District of Columbia Fire & Rescue /
DOD Honor Guard, Pentagon / D'Onofrio Construction / E-4B National Airborne
Operations Center crews / Edwards and Kelcey Engineering / Engineering Systems,
Inc. / Environmental protection Agency / Exponent Failure Analysis Associates /
EYP Mission CriticalFacilities / Fairfax County Fire & Rescue / Falcon 20 crew
in PA / Family members who received calls from victims on the planes / FBI
Evidence Recovery Teams / Federal Aviation Administration / Federal Bureau of
Investigation / Federal Emergency Management Agency / Federal Insurance Co. /
FEMA 68-Person Urban Search and Rescue Teams: Arizona Task Force 1, California
Task Force 1, California Task Force 3, California Task Force 7, Colorado Task
Force 1, Fairfax Task Force 1, Florida Task Force 1, Florida Task Force 2,
Maryland Task Force 1, Massachusetts Task Force 1, Metro Dade/Miami, Nebraska
Task Force 1, New Mexico Task Force 1, New York Task Force 1, Pennsylvania Task
Force 1, Tennessee Task Force 1, Texas Task Force 1, Utah Task Force 1, Virginia
Task Force 1, Virginia Task Force 2, Washington Task Force 1 / FEMA Disaster
Field Office / FEMA Emergency Response Team / FEMA Urban Search and Rescue
Incident Support Team-Advanced 3 / Fire Department of New York / Fort Myer Fire
Department / French Urban Search & Rescue Task Force / Friedens Volunteer Fire
Department / Gateway Demolition / Gene Code Forensics / Georgia Tech Engineering
Dept. / Gilsanz Murray Steficek LLP / GMAC Financing / Goldstein Associates
Consulting Engineers / Guy Nordenson Associates / HAKS Engineers /
Hampton-Clarke Inc. / HHS National Medical Response Team / HLW International
Engineering / Hooversville Rescue Squad. / Hooversville Volunteer Fire
Department / Hoy Structural Services / Hughes Associates, Inc / Hugo Neu
Schnitzer East / hundreds of ironworkers, some of whom built the WTC / Hundreds
of New York City Police Department Detectives / Industrial Risk Insurers /
Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems / International Association of Fire
Chiefs / International Union of Operating Engineers Locals 14 & 15 / J.R. Harris
& Company / Johnstown-Cambria County Airport Authority / Karl Koch Steel
Consulting Inc. / KCE Structural Engineers / Koch Skanska / Koutsoubis, Alonso
Associates / Laboratory Corp. of America / Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory /
Leslie E. Robertson Associates / LIRo Engineering / Listie Volunteer Fire
Company / Lockwood Consulting / M.G. McLaren Engineering / Masonry Society /
Mazzocchi Wrecking Inc. / Metal Management Northeast / Metropolitan Airport
Authority Fire Unit / Miami-Dade Urban Search & Rescue / Military District of
Washington Search & Rescue Team / Montgomery County Fire & Rescue / Mueser
Rutledge Consulting Engineers / Murray Engineering / Myriad Genetic Laboratories
Inc. / National Center for Biotechnology Informatics / National Commission on
Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States / National Council of Structural
Engineers Associations / National Disaster Medical System / National Emergency
Numbering Association / National Fire Protection Association / National Guard in
D.C., New York, and Pennsylvania / National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) / National Institutes of Health Human Genome Research
Institute / National Law Enforcement and Security Institute / National Military
Command Center / National Reconnaissance Office / National Response Center /
National Science Foundation Division of Civil and Mechanical Systems / National
Security Agency / National Transportation Safety Board / National Wrecking /
Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center / New Jersey State
Police / New York City Department of Buildings WTC Task Force / New York City
Department of Design and Construction / New York City Department of
Environmental Protection / New York City Office of Emergency Management / New
York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner / New York City Police Department
Aviation Unit / New York City Police Department Emergency Services Unit / New
York Daily News / New York Flight Control Center / New York Newsday / New York
Port Authority Construction Board / New York Port Authority Police / New York
State Emergency Management Office / New York State Police Forensic Services /
New York Times / North American Aerospace Defense Command / Northeast Air
Defense Sector Commanders and crew / Numerous bomb-sniffing dogs / Numerous
Forensic Anthropologists / Numerous Forensic Dentists / Numerous Forensic
Pathologists / Numerous Forensic Radiologists / NuStats / Occupational Safety
and Health Administration / Office of Emergency Preparedness / Office of
Strategic Services / Orchid Cellmark / Parsons Brinckerhoff Engineering /
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection / Pennsylvania Department of
Health and Human Services / Pennsylvania Region 13 Metropolitan Medical Response
Group / Pennsylvania State Funeral Directors Association / Pennsylvania State
Police / Pentagon Defense Protective Service / Pentagon Helicopter Crash
Response Team / Pentagon Medical Staff / Pentagon Renovation Team / Phillips &
Jordan, Inc. / Port of New York and New Jersey Authority / Pro-Safety Services /
Protec / Public Entity Risk Institute / Purdue University Engineering Dept. /
Robert Silman Associates Structural Engineers / Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc /
Rosenwasser/Grossman Consulting Engineers / Royal SunAlliance/Royal Indemnity /
SACE Prime Power Assessment Teams / SACE Structural Safety Engineers and Debris
Planning and Response Teams / Salvation Army Disaster Services / several EPA
Hazmat Teams / several FBI Hazmat Teams / several Federal Disaster Medical
Assistance Teams / several Federal Disaster Mortuary (DMORT) Teams / Severud
Associates Consulting Engineers / Shanksville Volunteer Fire Company /
Silverstein Properties / Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Engineers / Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill LLP / Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire / Society of Fire Protection
Engineers / Somerset Ambulance Association / Somerset County Coroner's Office /
Somerset County Emergency Management Agency / Somerset Volunteer Fire Department
/ St. Paul/Travelers Insurance / State of Pennsylvania Emergency Management
Agency / Stoystown Volunteer Fire Company / Structural Engineering Institute of
the American Society of Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE) / Structural Engineers
Association of New York / Superstructures Engineering / Swiss Re America
Insurance / Telephone operators who took calls from passengers in the hijacked
planes / Teng & Associates / Thornton-Tomasetti Group, Inc. / TIG Insurance /
Tokio Marine & Fire / Transportation Safety Administration / Tully Construction
/ Twin City Fire Insurance / Tylk Gustafson Reckers Wilson Andrews Engineering /
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers / Underwriters Laboratories / Union Wrecking /
United Airlines / United States Air National Guard / United States Fire
Administration / United States Secret Service / United Steelworkers of America /
University of Sheffield Fire Engineering Research / US Army Reserves of Virginia
Beach Fairfax County and Montgomery County / US Army’s
Communications-Electronics Command / US Department of Defense / US Department of
Justice / US Department of State / Virginia Beach Fire Department / Virginia
Department of Emergency Management / Virginia State Police / Vollmer Associates
Engineers / Washington Post / Weeks Marine / Weidlinger Associates / Weiskopf &
Pickworth Engineering / Westmoreland County Emergency Management Agency /
Whitney Contracting / Willis Group Holdings / WJE Structural Engineers /
Worcester Polytechnic Institute / World Trade Center security staff / XL
Insurance / Yonkers Contracting / York International / Zurich Financial / Zurich
Re Risk Engineering
Here are people who worked on 9/11 matters in one way or another. All had
specialized training in whatever aspect of the work they did. Not one has come
forward to support the 9/11 Truth version of events: 7,000+ FBI Agents who
conducted a three-year 911 investigation; 1,500 people who worked the flight 93
crash scene; 40,000 people who worked the piles at Ground Zero; 55 FBI Evidence
Response Teams at Fresh Kills in New York; 8,000+ people who worked the scene at
the Pentagon. There are at least five peer-reviewed journal articles in ASCE
publications that conclude the buildings came down by fire and those Journal
articles have been cited in other articles and used to redesign fire codes in
tall buildings (meaning that the articles have peer respect). NIST was
peer-reviewed by four independent civil engineering firms and concluded fire
brought the buildings down. "What Did and Did Not Cause the Collapse of the WTC
Towers in NY" is another. That was produced by the Department of Civil
Engineering at Northwest University (Structural Engineering Report No 07-05 /
C605c).